A Regional Analysis of Poverty in Pakistan: Trends and Decomposition
doi: https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2023.v28.i2.a2
Inza Murtaza,Husnain Ali and Muhammad Idrees
Abstract
This study conducted a regional analysis of poverty in Pakistan with a particular focus on trends and decomposition. Nine Household Integrated Economic Survey rounds were used in this study from 2001-02 to 2018-19. This study estimated poverty using time series data from all the regions and provinces of Pakistan. The unit of wellbeing used in the study is consumption, and the unit of analysis used is the adult equivalent. Our results show that the poverty rate decreased in all regions and provinces over the analysis period. Poverty rates decreased in all regions from 2001-02 to 2010-11. The decomposition shows that the highest population share is found in Punjab, but it has the lowest poverty share. At the same time, Baluchistan has the lowest population share and the highest poverty share. KPK and Sindh have half of their population below the poverty level. Results show that urban poverty share is higher overall than rural poverty share.
Keywords
Poverty, distribution, trends, decomposition, poverty line.
Citation:
“Murtaza, I., Ali, H., and Idrees, M. (2024). A Regional Analysis of Poverty in Pakistan: Trends and Decomposition.” Lahore Journal of Economics, 28(2), 15–40.
https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2023.v28.i2.a2
References:
1. Ahmed, E., & Ludlow, S. (1989). Poverty, Inequality and Growth in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review.
2. Ahmed, N. (1998). Poverty in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics.
3. Allauddin, T. (1975). Mass Poverty in Pakistan - A Further Study. The Pakistan Development Review.
4. Ali, M. (1995). Poverty Assessment: Pakistan's Case. The Pakistan Development Review.
5. Ali, S. S., & Tahir, S. (1999). Dynamics of Growth, Poverty, and Inequality in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review.
6. Amjad, R., & Kemal, A. R. (1997). Macroeconomic Policies and their Impact on Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review.
7. Azid, T., Shahnawaz, M., & Siddiqui, R. (2000). Impact of Village-specific, Household-specific, and Technological Variables on Poverty in Punjab. The Pakistan Development Review.
8. Asian Development Bank (2021), Key indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2021. [online] Available at: (https://www.adb.org/publications/key-indicators- asia-and-pacific, 2021).
9. Bashir, F., & Idrees, M. (2018). Addressing the Pitfalls of Single Poverty Line in the Estimation of Poverty in Different Regions of Pakistan. Forman Journal of Economic Studies.
10. Bhatti, M. A., Haq, R., Javed, T., & Shirazi, N. S. (1999). A Sectoral Analysis of Poverty in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review.
11. Cheema, A. R., & Sial, M. H. (2010), Estimating the Contributions of Growth and Redistribution To Changes In Poverty In Pakistan, Pakistan Economic and Social Review.
12. Chishti, S., & Jamal, H. (1997). Undernutrition in Rural Pakistan: Measurement, Determinants and Some Policy Implications, Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics.
13. Havinga, I. C., Haanppel, F. W., Louter, S. A., Andel, W. V., & Malik, M. H. (1989). Poverty in Pakistan 1984-1985. The Pakistan Development Review.
14. Hussain, M., & Shirazi, M. S. (1995). An Analysis of Pakistan's Poverty Problem from an Islamic Perspective, The Pakistan Development Review.
15. Idrees, M. (2017). Poverty in Pakistan: A Region-Specific Analysis, The Lahore Journal of Economics.
16. Idrees, M. (2017). Poverty in Pakistan: A Region-Specific Analysis., The Lahore Journal of Economics.
17. Irfan. M and Amjad,R (1984), "Poverty in Rural Pakistan." in A.R Khan E .Lee (eds), Poverty in Rural Asia, ILO/ARTEP.
18. Iqbal. N. (2020), "National Poverty Estimates 2018-19". Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
19. Jafri, S. Y., & Khattak, A. (1995), Income Inequality and Poverty in Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review.
20. Jamal, H. (2003). Poverty and Inequality during the Adjustment Decade: Empirical Findings from Household Surveys. The Pakistan Development Review.
21. Jamal, H. (2005). In Search of Poverty Predictors: The Case of Urban and Rural Pakistan, The Pakistan Development Review.
22. Jamal, H. (2003). Poverty and Inequality During the Adjustment Decade: Empirical Findings from Household Survey. The Pakistan Development Review.
23. Jamal, H. (2005). The Case of Urban and Rural Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review.
24. Jamal, H. (2017), Poverty and Vulnerability Estimates: Pakistan, 2016, Social Policy and Development Centre.
25. Jafri, M. Y. (1999). Assessing Poverty in Pakistan. In, A Profile of Poverty in Pakistan. Islamabad: Mahbub-ul-Haq Centre for Human Development.
26. Jan, B., & Iqbal, M. (2008), Urbanization Trend And Urban Population Projections Of Pakistan Using Weighted Approach, Sarhad J. Agric Vol.24.
27. Khurijk, H. D., & Leeuwin, M. V. (1985). Changes in Poverty and Income Inequality Changes in Poverty and Income Inequality, The Pakistan Development Review.
28. Mahmood, S., sheikh, K. H., & Mehmood, T. (1991), Food Poverty and its Causes in Pakistan, The Pakistan Development Review.
29. Malik, S. (1996). Determinants of Rural Poverty in Pakistan: A Micro Study. The Pakistan Development Review.
30. Malik, S. (1992). Rural Poverty in Pakistan: Some Recent Evidence. The Pakistan Development Review.
31. Mehmood, S., Sheikh, K. H., Mahmood, T., & Malik, M. H. (1991). Food Poverty and its Causes in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review.
32. Mujahid, G. B. (1971). A Note on Measurement of Poverty and Income Inequality In Pakistan: Some Observations On Methodology. The Pakistan Development Review.
33. Murtaza, F. (2018). Readdressing Poverty Measurement Practice in Pakistan.Forman Journal of Economic Studies.
34. Naveed, A. Wood G., Ghaus, U M, (2018), Geography of Poverty in Pakistan, Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund
35. Naseem, S. M. (1973). Mass Poverty in Pakistan: Some Preliminary Findings. The Pakistan Development Review.
36. Shirazi, N. S., Naeem, M., & Choudhary, M. A. (1997). Inter-Household Transfers and the Poor: Pakistan's Experience. Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics.
37. World Bank. (2021). Pakistan Poverty and Equity Brief: Spring 2021. Washington, DC: World Bank Group. [Online] Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pakistan/publication/pakistan-poverty-equity-brief-spring-2021Zaidi, M. A., & De Vos, k. (1993). Research on Poverty Statistics in Pakistan: Some Sensitive Analyses. The Pakistan Development Review.
38. Zaidi, M. (1992). Relative Poverty in Pakistan An Estimation from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (1984-85). The Pakistan Development Review.
39. Zaidi, M. A. (1992). Relative Poverty in Pakistan An Estimation from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (1984-85). The Pakistan Development Review.